Surah Yunus
هُوَ ٱلَّذِى جَعَلَ ٱلشَّمْسَ ضِيَآءً وَٱلْقَمَرَ نُورًا وَقَدَّرَهُۥ مَنَازِلَ لِتَعْلَمُوا۟ عَدَدَ ٱلسِّنِينَ وَٱلْحِسَابَ ۚ مَا خَلَقَ ٱللَّهُ ذَٰلِكَ إِلَّا بِٱلْحَقِّ ۚ يُفَصِّلُ ٱلْـَٔايَـٰتِ لِقَوْمٍ يَعْلَمُونَ
Huwal-lażī ja‘alasy-syamsa ḍiyā'aw wal-qamara nūraw wa qaddarahū manāzila lita‘lamū ‘adadas-sinīna wal-ḥisāb(a), mā khalaqallāhu zālika illā bil-ḥaqq(i), yufaṣṣilul-āyāti liqaumiy ya‘lamūn(a).
It is He who made the sun a shining light and the moon a derived light and determined for it phases - that you may know the number of years and account [of time]. Allah has not created this except in truth. He details the signs for a people who know
📝 Footnotes
343) Allah Almighty made the physical properties of the sun and the moon distinct. The sun shines by emitting its own light from the nuclear reaction processes within its core, whereas the moon glows by reflecting sunlight. 344) The moon's orbit around the earth causes the reflection of sunlight by the moon to vary in shape, from a crescent to a full moon and back to a crescent, depending on its position. The regular period of the moon's orbit around the earth serves as the basis for monthly time calculation. Twelve months are equivalent to one year (Surah at-Taubah/9: 36).