Surah Al-Anfal
۞ وَٱعْلَمُوٓا۟ أَنَّمَا غَنِمْتُم مِّن شَىْءٍ فَأَنَّ لِلَّهِ خُمُسَهُۥ وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَلِذِى ٱلْقُرْبَىٰ وَٱلْيَتَـٰمَىٰ وَٱلْمَسَـٰكِينِ وَٱبْنِ ٱلسَّبِيلِ إِن كُنتُمْ ءَامَنتُم بِٱللَّهِ وَمَآ أَنزَلْنَا عَلَىٰ عَبْدِنَا يَوْمَ ٱلْفُرْقَانِ يَوْمَ ٱلْتَقَى ٱلْجَمْعَانِ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىْءٍ قَدِيرٌ
Wa‘lamū annamā ganimtum min syai'in fa anna lillāhi khumusahū wa lir-rasūli wa liżil-qurbā wal-yatāmā wal-masākīni wabnis-sabīli in kuntum āmantum billāhi wa mā anzalnā ‘alā ‘abdinā yaumal-furqāni yaumal-taqal-jam‘ān(i), wallāhu ‘alā kulli syai'in qadīr(un).
And know that anything you obtain of war booty - then indeed, for Allah is one fifth of it and for the Messenger and for [his] near relatives and the orphans, the needy, and the [stranded] traveler, if you have believed in Allah and in that which We sent down to Our Servant on the day of criterion - the day when the two armies met. And Allah, over all things, is competent.
📝 Footnotes
312) What is meant by the spoils of war here is the wealth obtained from the disbelievers through actual combat. Meanwhile, the wealth obtained without fighting is called fai‘. The distribution detailed in this verse applies only to ghanimah (spoils of war). 313) One-fifth of the ghanimah is distributed among: 1) Allah SWT and His Messenger, 2) the relatives of the Messenger (Bani Hashim and Bani Muttalib), 3) orphans, 4) the poor, and 5) ibn us-sabil, which refers to wayfarers (travelers). Meanwhile, the remaining four-fifths of the ghanimah is distributed among those who took part in the combat. 314) The day the two armies met at the Battle of Badr (Friday, 17 Ramadan 2 AH). Some commentators of the Quran (mufassirun) argue that this verse implies the beginning of the revelation of the Quran occurred on the night of the 17th of Ramadan.